Assuming there is not a major disease or bull issue, cow body condition score (BCS) is the number one factor that impacts pregnancy rates. To optimize pregnancy rates, 2- and 3-year-old females should have a BCS of at least 6 or greater prior to calving. Females 4 years old and older should be in a BCS of at least 5 or greater prior to calving.
Cow BCS is influenced by many factors and can be managed with adjustments in stocking rates, supplementation programs or weaning. With the limited forage production and higher feed costs many producers may see this year, weaning strategies can be used to manage cow body condition and reduce feed costs. Below are three age-related scenarios for weaning calves:
- Traditional weaning at 7 to 8 months old
- Weaning calves one or two months earlier than normal to save or improve cow BCS
- Early weaning calves at 45 to 60 days old for immediate reproductive benefits for their dams
If cows are getting thin, weaning calves one or two months earlier than normal should be implemented to prevent cows from dropping too much condition and allow them more time to recover before they calve again. This strategy may benefit a lot of producers this year due to the dry conditions.
It will be cheaper to save condition on a cow through weaning management than to try and feed more to thin cows because calves were allowed to nurse longer than conditions dictated. This strategy can also be used for cows that are still in a BCS of 5 or better but are facing challenging weather conditions ahead. Saving some body condition by weaning a little early can provide some extra energy reserves for future use. Remember, it is cheaper to feed weaned calves and cows than pairs.
Unfortunately, in some situations, cows may already be too thin at or shortly after calving for normal reproduction. These cows are unlikely to get rebred unless significant steps are taken. Early weaning calves at 45 to 60 days old can be implemented to get these thin cows to start cycling and become pregnant. Calves must be weaned at this age to enable cows to maintain a yearly calving interval. If this strategy is needed, visit with a nutritionist about an appropriate diet for the calves.
