Lameness in dairy cattle presents significant health, performance and welfare challenges and is often responsible for the decision to cull an animal from an operation. The American Association of Bovine Practitioners (AABP) recently developed guidelines to help veterinarians and their beef and dairy producer clients better manage lameness on their operations.

While prevention and treatment has always been a priority for veterinarians, in 2013 AABP decided to form a task force out of its Lameness Committee to create a set of guidelines that veterinarians and producers could turn to for information.

It’s important to note that these are guidelines only, and that a veterinarian and his/her client need to use their best judgment when dealing with their specific situation on the farm.

The guidelines are separated into four distinct areas covering lameness:

• Early identification and treatment: The best way to manage lameness is to detect, diagnose and treat accurately and in a timely manner. This requires active surveillance and identification of lame cattle. Permanent records should be kept on all diagnosed and treated cattle.

• Housing and environment: Housing and environment can contribute to lameness, and all attempts should be made to provide clean, dry housing. This involves proper pen density, bedding and cleaning of areas where cattle stand or walk. Excessive time standing, especially on concrete, can also contribute to lameness. Heat stress, which reduces lying time, is a contributing factor, and heat abatement strategies should be implemented when possible. Flooring is also important in areas where cattle are moved, as slick floors can cause injuries and overly abrasive surfaces can damage the integrity of the hoof.

• Preventive hoof care: Footbaths or foot spraying can help reduce infectious causes of lameness, provided they are managed and maintained properly. In addition, routine foot trimming in adult cattle can help restore proper balance to the foot and provide opportunity for early detection of lameness issues.

• Feeding and nutrition: Cattle should be fed to minimize the risk for subacute ruminal acidosis by optimizing ration formulation and bunk management. Ration formulations should ensure adequate levels of micronutrients, including copper, zinc and biotin.

• Records review and communication: Identifying and monitoring lameness on the dairy involves complete records that detail the type of lameness, treatment and outcomes. Examining records with the dairy’s veterinarian can help dairy producers proactively manage lameness on their dairy operations. PD

Jason B. Osterstock, DVM, Ph.D.
Chairman
AABP’s Lameness Committee